Behaviour Self Management Essay

conduct Self-Management Project to Increase Studying Behaviour Behaviour Modification is a technique or approach apply by demeanoral psychologists to modify a particular demeanour and is largely practice session in a clinical or educational line upting, particularly with those with encyclopedism disabilities (Atherton, 2011). Moreover, it in addition considered to be a give-and-take approach, as it substitutes undesirable doingss with sought by and by unitarys through the process of positivist or negative reward (Gary, 1988).Furthermore, behavior sort has been apply to treat numerous mental problems such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), phobias, enuresis, generalised anxiety disorder, judicial separation anxiety disorder and many more. Subsequently, this technique has similarly been used to neutralize maladaptive doingss by ever-changing undesirable conducts such as smoking, overeating, knock down biting and former(a)s, as it aims to encourage the substitution of good deportments such as playing areaing, weight loss and etc (ODonohue and Ferguson, 2006).The principles of deportment modification were origin developed by B. F Skinner, who had formulated the concept of operant conditioning. Skinner, had developed the concept of positive backing or punishment, whereby behaviours are changed or encouraged through a reward system. Furthermore, the operant conditioning surmisal excessively states that for learning to materialise, it is chief(prenominal) that the subject is an active participant (Sheldon, 1982).In addition, behaviour modification was to a fault formulated by Ivan Pavlov and is famously cognise as classical conditioning, as it is merely based on a stimuli- response formula. too that, Albert Bandura similarly contributed to behaviour modification principles, through his theory of social modelling (Baldwin & Baldwin, 1981). The theory states that learning occurs as a result of copying or imitating other people, and is termed as vicarious learning. Additionally, the theory in any case states that external reinforcers are all important(predicate) because it enables learning to occur independently of the reinforcements.Consequently, behaviour modification underlies a itemise of theoretical positions such that compassionate behaviour can easily be influenced by the presentation of consequences and could be strengthened if the behaviour is determineed by rewards, as well as substandard if followed by negative consequences (Guez & Allen, 2000). Moreover, human behaviour is non only controlled by internal factors, but is also driven by external factors such as social rewards bid praises or gifts.Thus, the principles of behaviour modification is different compared to other techniques in changing behaviours, because it addresses the surrounding factors as well as individual factors that can advocate or derail behaviour change. Additionall y, behaviour modification has also proved its effectiveness in make up students appropriate classroom behaviours. A see had employed behaviour modification in twain minute of arc grade Negro girls in a demonstration groom for the culturally deprived (Wasik, Senn, Welch, & Cooper, 1969).Data collected in the theme was based on type, duration, and frequency of teachers verbal interactions with the student. The study also had implemented an ABAB design, whereas discussion included positive social reinforcement when appropriate behaviours occurred. Punishment had included the use of time reveal from social reinforcements, as these behaviours were dependant on(p) on inappropriate attention describeting behaviours. It was observed that after 25 days, desirable behaviour in the classroom had increased remarkably from 80. % in baseline to 99. 20% in encumbrance and continued to remain risque even after three months.Therefore, this shows that behaviour modification is an eff ective method acting to increase desirable behaviours. Target Behaviour It is essential and important that the quarry behaviour an individual asks to change is operationally defined. The particular behaviour would also require assessment, through collection of the baseline data. Furthermore, the behaviour that I want to change is to increase my studying behaviour, which is a behavioural deficit.Ever since I was in school, I was always known to study towards the end of the semester and could slackly be considered as last minute studying. Subsequently, I would range to be easily distracted by external stimuli such as honoring movies or serial on the computer, calling up friends and talking for minutes as well as easily persuaded to go out. I kick in been known since young to be very outgoing, olibanum whenever friends call and ask me to come to up with them, I am bound to go.Therefore, it usually delays my ability to follow my studying agendum that I have created before the semester starts. Moreover, my main actor that unable me to complete my suggested two bits studying per night every workweekday is also because I have a tendency to download movies or series on the computer and wasting 4 hours or more ceremonial it. There are also consequences that I face because of my procrastination to study, because after watching these series, I would only tend to study less than an hour or not at all if I am tired.Consequently, I would cram all the materials during study week and end up organism exhausted. This also is a reason as to why I tend to get ill during exam week, because it causes me to have high level of variant and in turn would affect my health. Hence, these are valid reasons as to why I feel like I need to change my behaviour and start studying more hours as I should so that I would not be stressed out during exams. Besides that, stress could also cause ulcers and the common cold, which in turn could be a coke to me during exam week as I am prone to get ulcers.Additionally, it would also allow me to focus more to improve my grade ratings to my expectations as I will soon complete my undergraduate program. Other than that, increasing my studying behaviour would also allow me to get sufficient pause and rest for the upcoming exam and it would also benefit me in footing of managing my time efficiently. Method Design The design that I have chosen for this particular self-importance management visualise is the ABAB reversal design.This design represents the strain to first measure the baseline, the treatment that follows the initial baseline, the introduction of the here and now baseline as well as the reintroduction of the treatment once more. Additionally, this method of application serve wells cite the effects of treatment and measure what happens when treatment is removed. Hence, this research design would help establish whether functional relationship exists between the purpose behaviour and intervention.Mater ials The materials used in this project include a structured diary that is record in the computer, behaviour contract, handphone, deport-it notes, playing cards and reminders. Procedure Additionally, for this particular behaviour modification project, the operational definition is first defined as learning pages from the school textbook and underlining as well as understanding sentences in the text and reading notes from the lectures for two hours.Furthermore, the behaviour would be recorded through self monitoring during baseline and treatment period as the behaviour does not occur frequently throughout the day and it only occurs during the period when no one else is around to observe. The annotational period is recorded in the natural setting, which is in the study room at my home, and it is where studying behaviour typically occurs.The type of behavioural recording used is the duration recording, whereby studying behaviour is observed for two hours, between 8. 30p. m to 10. 0p. m on weekdays only. Next, in order to increase studying behaviour during weekdays, a generalised condition reinforcer, which is the token parsimony system is used because it reinforces the behaviour and minimises the need to use reactive strategies to deal with setbacks as well as it enables the ability to checkmate up with a variety of other reinforcers. In addition, the token thrift is a playing card with my housemates signature on it, and one card would be given each day, whenever the desired behaviour occurred at least 2 hours a day.Furthermore, the acquired tokens would be eligible to trade with real privileges and would be forfeited if the behaviour does not meet the expected requirements. Hence, a variety of backup reinforces are used in exchange with the accrued playing cards on every Friday to determine the type of privileges that would be given and further information is provided in the behavioural contract (Appendix A). Besides that, punishment would be provided if I fail to meet the expected requirement.Additionally, the schedule of reinforcement chosen for this particular project is fixed interval, whereby studying behaviour is reinforced only if it occurs for at least two hours. The behaviour particular would also be recorded in the computer, as the behaviour occurs at home in the study room. Besides that, during the treatment period, my friends and housemate have also promised to give me social support and reinforcements. In addition, various types of response and stimulant prompts are also used in this project. Verbal prompts such as reminders to study are used by friends and housemates to evoke the desired behaviour in myself.They will do this by not persuading me to go out with them and reminding me to study instead. Furthermore, environmental prompts are also used in this project such as post its on the mirror, computer in the study room and class register that I carry to class every day, as well as using the hand phone to set al arm to study. In addition, indoors prompt fading was used in the guerilla treatment period, for response prompts, whereby friends and boyfriend provided fewer verbal prompts as the week progressed during treatment period.Next, stimulus fading was also used in the second treatment period for environmental prompts, whereby on the first day, remotion of alarm clock would be used and for subsequent days, one post its would be removed from either the mirror, computer or class file until the last day of treatment. Results The baseline and treatment data was collected for a period of four weeks and intervention was utilise during treatment 1 and treatment 2. Figure 1 Studying behaviour in baseline and treatment weeks.Figure 1 shows that during the first baseline, studying behaviour did not occur at all for the first two days, one hour for the third, again none on the fourth and two hours on the twenty percent day. Hence, the median(a) studying hours for the first baseline week is 0. 4 hours or 24 minutes. Furthermore, this could be clearly seen in the structured diary attached for the first baseline (Appendix B). Next, intervention took place in the second week, whereby various strategies were used to increase studying behaviour.Results showed that studying behaviour had occurred for two hours for the first and second day, one hour for the third day, two hours for the fourth day, and none on the fifth day. This shows that studying behaviour had increased to an average of 1. 4 hours a day and that there was an increase of 50% from the initial baseline to the treatment period. Moreover, the self management project had returned to baseline on the third week and results showed that studying behaviour had occurred for 2. hours on the first day, one hour on the second, none on the third and fourth and two hours on the fifth day.Thus, the average studying behaviour was 1. 1 hours a day for the second baseline period. Although the average hours were less compared to t he treatment period, however, there was definitely an increase compared to the first baseline period, whereby average hours were only 0. 4 hours. Next, intervention was again applied and the second treatment results showed that studying behaviour occurred for one hour on the first day, 2. hours on the second, two hours on the third, one hour on the fourth, and two hours on the fifth day. Hence, the average studying hours is around 1. 7 hours a day. Thus, this also shows that there is an increase of studying behaviour between the second baseline and second treatment period. Besides that, there is also a staggering increase from the initial baseline and second treatment period, that precedes to fluctuate in the second baseline, when intervention was removed.Discussion The behaviour modification project to increase studying behaviour was definitely a success because the graphs showed an increase in hours of studying as compared to the baseline data, thus indicating that there us a functional relationship between the target behaviour and the procedure. Furthermore, it is clear that the token economy system was a contributor to the success of increasing studying behaviour because once token economy was removed in the second baseline the target behaviour had diminish tremendously.In addition, the target behaviour had increased when the second intervention was applied in the fourth week. Moreover, the use of reinforcements and punishment also helped me to keep myself make and determined to achieve the weekly goal that was set. Besides that, the use of within stimulus fading helped me generalise my behaviour to the subsequent weeks ahead, hence I had gradually adjusted myself with getting used to having less and less prompts throughout the week.However, there were also some limitations in this project, whereby, the duration of treatment intervention is too short to allow the behaviour to fully adjust and be generalised without the use of prompts. In addition, self monitoring was used during observation of behaviour for the baseline data. Observer may not be adroit enough to record her own behaviour, hence data may not be as reliable as compared to having an inter rater observation. Moreover, the implementation of reinforcement contingency was my housemate, and sometimes the reinforcements were given a day later because she is not around.This has affected the effectiveness of the token as a reinforcing consequence as some deliveries of the token did not occur immediately after the response occurred according to the expected schedule. Furthermore, due to the delay between the response and token, it could have also affected the connection strength of the behaviour. In conclusion, behaviour modification is definitely an effective treatment method to help increase, decrease or develop new behaviours and it is applicable to use in a variety of problematic behaviours.